¿Para qué sirve el hipo?
El hipo sólo ocurre en mamíferos y es mucho más común en la infancia.
El hipo es una contracción espasmódica del diafragma, seguida del cierre repentino de las cuerdas vocales y la epíglotis, lo que causa el sonido de "hip".Una posible explicación es que, en el marco de la evolución, se produjo como una manera de expulsar el exceso de aire que se produce en el estómago durante la lactancia. Esto le permitiría a los bebés alimentarse durante más tiempo antes de sentirse llenos, de manera de que tuvieran una ventaja evolutiva.
La repentina caída en la presion de la cavidad torácica fuerza el aire atrapado en el estómago a regresar a la garganta.
¿Puede convertirse el ruido del tráfico en energía útil?
Aún cuando pueda resultar ensordecedor, el ruido del tráfico es, en realidad, una fuente de energía débil.
Incluso el rugido de 100db de un camión que pasa apenas puede generar una centésima de vatio de potencia por metro cuadrado.
Comparativamente, la luz solar es decenas de miles de veces más concentrada.
¿Cuántos asteroides potencialmente peligrosos hay en el Universo?
Un asteroide potencialmente peligroso (PHA, por sus siglas en inglés) es uno cuya órbita se acerca a menos de 0,05UA (unidades astronómicas) -7,5 millones de kilómetros- de la Tierra y cuyo brillo indica que se expande unos 100 metros de lado a lado, o más.
Tales objetos tendrían consecuencias devastadoras si impactaran la Tierra.
Al momento de escribir este artículo, la Unión Internacional Astronómica tenía registrados un total de 1.466 PHA. Eso no significa que todos estos objetos golpearán la Tierra eventualmente, sino simplemente que tienen el potencial de hacerlo.
Claro que esta cifra representa sólo los PHA que sabemos que existen. Un rastreo reciente de WISE, el satélite de la NASA, arrojó que hay al menos 4.700 de tales objetos.
Aunque no estamos en peligro inminente, asteroides lo suficientemente grandes para causar destrucción, particularmente en áreas densamente pobladas, han impactado la Tierra cada 200 a 300 años en promedio.
¿Cómo es que la música puede alterarnos el ánimo?
Cambiando la manera en la que percibimos el mundo. Por ejemplo, en experimentos en los que personas miraban íconos de caras sonrientes y tristes, la música que escuchaban afectaba lo que veían.
Incluso una cara neutral puede ser considerada como feliz cuando se escucha música alegre. La música también incita recuerdos en forma inintencionada, con frecuencia reviviendo emociones experimentadas en el momento.
El ritmo de la música también ocasiona toda clase de respuestas corporales, incluidos jugar con los dedos o golpear el piso con los pies al son que se escucha.
El ritmo también puede afectar nuestra frecuencia cardiaca y cuando varias personas cantan juntas, su respiración puede sincronizarse y se incrementan las emociones positivas.
Estos efectos quizás no sean tan sorprendentes, si se toma en cuenta que los patrones musicales afectan la parte del tallo cerebral que maneja la audición así como la corteza auditiva, partes del sistema neurológico de recompensas y otras áreas relacionadas con la memoria y la emoción.
Fuente: BBC MUNDO
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